拿破仑2023

　　老妪娜巴特和丈夫伊斯坎德尔生活在远离村庄的偏远小屋。伊斯坎德尔曾是森林巡逻队队员，现在病重在家休养。而战争肆掠此地已久，他们的儿子也在前线牺牲了。老妪家唯一的经济来源是一头奶牛，她隔些日子会去村子里卖牛奶。战争的阴云笼罩着大地，村庄渐渐人去楼空，老妪的生活也举步维艰……
　　《娜巴特》改编自阿塞拜疆导演ElchinMusaoglu在苏联解体时期听到的一则故事，首映于2014年威尼斯电影节地平线单元。

　　小戏骨《洪湖赤卫队》是以王玉珍主演的《洪湖赤卫队》为蓝本改编，讲述1930年湖北沔阳县委为配合红军行动，暂时把赤卫队撤离彭家墩。彭家墩恶霸彭霸天趁红军转移暂离洪湖之际卷土重来。洪湖赤卫队在乡党支部书记韩英和队长刘闯的带领下，与敌人展开了艰苦曲折的斗争。韩英不幸被捕入狱。面对敌人的威逼利诱，韩英始终坚贞不屈。赤卫队最终打回彭家墩，消灭了保安团和地方反动武装，红旗又在洪湖上迎风飘扬。

　　1949年1月，中国人民解放军将国民党50万军队围困于平津地区，总攻在即。是否能和平解放北平，取决于天津一战。此时的天津城内，暗堡、工事林立，士兵荷枪实弹进入状态，大战前的天津城已是一座炼狱。为了总攻的发动扫平道路，解放军炮兵侦察连连长蔡兴福、侦察兵马宝树、报务员廖枫、炮兵见习参谋葛贵忱四人临危受命，组成解放炮兵侦察别动队，乔装潜入天津城。此时，负责转移北平守军眷属的国军军需官姚哲在宪兵营长钱卓群的暗算下成为通缉犯，带女儿出逃时恰好与进城的蔡兴福一行人相遇，蔡兴福挟持姚哲欲完成任务。随着目标任务的逐步明晰，姚哲被暗算背后的秘密、钱卓群企图破坏北平和谈的阴谋、蔡兴福失踪儿子的下落都渐渐浮现出来……

　　In1961,StanislawRozewiczcreatedthenovellafilm"BirthCertificate"incooperationwithhisbrother,TadueszRozewiczasscreenwriter.Suchbrothertandemsarerareinthehistoryoffilmbutasidefromfamilyties,Stanislaw(bornin1924)andTaduesz(bornin1921)weremutuallyboundbytheirloveforthecinema.TheywerebornandgrewupinRadomsk,asmalltownwhichhad"itsmadmenanditssaints"andmostimportanly,the"Kinema"cinema,asStanislawrecalls:forhimcinemais"heaven,thewholeworld,enchantment".Tadeuszsaysheconsiderscinemabothacharmingmarketstallandamysterioustemple."Allthissavagelandhasalwaysattractedandfascinatedme,"hesays."IamdevouredbycinemaandIdevourcinema;I'macinemaeater."ButTadueszRozewicz,aneminentwriter,admitsthisuniqueformofcooperationwasaproblemtohim:"Itisthepresenceoftheotherpersonnotonlyintheprocessofwriting,butatitsverycore,whichisinserperableformefromabsolutesolitude."Somescenesthebrotherswrotetogether;otherswerecreatedbythewriterhimself,followingdiscussionswiththedirector.Butfromtheperspectiveoftime,itis"BirthCertificate",ratherthan"Echo"or"TheWickedGate",thatTadueszdescribesashismostintimatefilm.Thisisunderstandable.ThetradgeyfromSeptember1939inPolandwasfortheRozewiczbrotherstheirpersonal"birthcertificate".Whenworkingonthefilm,thedirectorsaid"Thistimeitisallaboutshakingoff,gettingridofthepsychologicalburdenwhichthewarwasforallofus....Cooperationwithmybrotherwasinthiscaseeasier,aswesharemanywarmemories.Wewantedtoshowtoadultviewersapictureofwarasseenbyachild....Inreality,itistheadultswhocreatedtherealworldofmassacres.Childrenbeheldthehorrorscomingbacktolife,exhumedfromunderneaththeground,overwhelmingtheearth."
　　Theprincipleofcompositionof"BirthCertificate"isnotobvious.Whenwatchinganovellafilm,wetendtothinkintermsoftraditionaltheatre.Weexpectthataminiaturestorywillfinishwithasharppoint;thethreefilmnovellasinRozewicz'sworklackthisfeature.Wedonotknowwhatwillbehappentotheboymakinghisalonethroughtheforesttowardstheendof"OntheRoad".Wedonotknowwhetherin"LetterfromtheCamp",thehelpofferedbythesmallheroestoaSovietprisonerwillrescuehimfromtheunknownfateofhiscompatriots.ThefateoftheJewishgirlfrom"DropofBlood"isalsounclear.Willshekeephernewimpersonationas"MarysiaMalinowska"?OrwilltheNazismakeherintoarepresentativeofthe"Nordicrace"?Thosequestionswereaskedbythedirectorforareason.Hepreceivedwaraschaosandperdition,andnotaslinearhistorythatcouldbereflectedinaplot.Although"BirthCertificate"issaturatedwithmoralcontent,itdoesnotaimtobeamoralityplay.Butwiththeimmensepressureofreality,novarientoffateshouldbeexcluded.ThisapproachedcanbecomparedwthKrzysztofKieslowski's"BlindChance"25yearslater,whichpictureddramaticchoicesofadifferentera.
　　Thefilmnovella"OntheRoad"hasaverysparingplot,butitdrewspecialattentionofthereviewers.TheominatingovertoneofthewarfilmscreatedbythePolishFilmSchoolatthattimeshouldbekeptinmind.MainlyowingtoWajda,thosefilmsdealtwithromanticheritage.Theywerepermeatedwithpathos,bitterness,andirony.Rozewiczisanextraordinaryartist.Whennarratingastoryaboutaboylostinawarzone,carryingsomedocumentsfromtheregimentofficeasiftheywereatreasure,thenarratorin"OntheRoad"discoversroughprosewhereoneshouldfindpoetry.Andsuddenly,theirrationaltouchesthisrathertameworld.Theboy,whountilthatmomentresembledaPolishversionoftheGoodSoldierSchweik,setsoff,likeDonQuixote,forhisfirstandlastbattle.Acriticdescribeditas"anabsurdgestureandsomeoneelsecouldsurelyuseittocriticisethePolishstyleofdying....ButtheRozewiczbrothersdonoaccuse:theyonlycomposeanelegyforthepicturesquepeasant-soldier,probablythemostimportantveteranofthePolishwarof1939-1945.""BirthCertificate"isnotaloftystatementaboutnationalimponderabilia.ThefilmrevealsaplebeianperspectivewhichAleksanderJackieqiczoncecontrastedwiththose"lyricallamentations"inherentintheKordiantradition.However,ahistoricaloverviewofRozewicz'sworkshowsthatthedistinctivestyledoesnotsignifyafundamentaldifferenceinillustratingthePolishSeptember.JustasthememorablescenefromWajda's"Lotna"wasinfactanexpressionofdesperationanddistress,thesameemotionspermeatethefinalsceneof"BirthCertificate".Thesearenotideologicalconcepts,thoughoncedescribedassuchandferventlydebated,butratherpsychologicalcreations.Inthisspecificcase,observesWitoldZalewski,itisnotaboutmanifestingknightlypride,butaboutagestureofasimplemanwhodoesnotagreetobeenslaved.
　　Thenovella"DropofBlood"is,withAleksanderFord's"BorderStreet",oneofthefirstnarrationsofthefateofthePolishJewsduringtheNazioccupation.Thestoryaboutagirlliterallylookingforherplaceonearthhasadramaticdimension.Especiallyintheageoftoday'sjournalisticdisputes,oftenmanipulative,lackinginempathyandimbuedwithbadwill,Rozewicz'sstoryfromthepastshockswithitsauthenticity.ThesmallherioneofthestoryistheonlyonewhosurvivesaGermanraidonherfamilyhome.Physicalsurvialdoesnot,however,meanareturntonormality.Herfrighteneddeparturefromtherubbishdumpthatwasherhideoutleadhertoaruinedapartment.Herwalkarounditispainfulbecausestillfreshsignsoflifearemixedwithevidenceofannihilation.Helpisneeded,butMirkadoesnotknowanyoneintheoutsideworld.Hersubsequentattemptsexpressthestateofthefugitive'sspirits-fromhopeandfaith,movingtodoubt,asenseofoppression,andthickeningfear,andfinallytodespair.
　　Atthesametime,theJewishgirl'ssearchforrefugeresemblesthestateofPolishsociety.TheappearanceofMirkaresultsinconfusion,andlater,trouble.ThiswasalreadysignalledbyRozewiczinanexceptionalscenefrom"LetterfromtheCamp"inwhichtheboy'sneighbour,seeingafugitiveRussiansoldier,retreatsimmediately,admittingthat"Now,peopleworryonlyaboutthemselves."Suchembarassingexcusesmaskfear.Duringtheoccupation,noonefeelssafe.Neithersocialstatusnottheaegisofacharityorganisationprotectsagainstrepression.WeseethepotentialguardiansofMirkapassingherbackandforthamongthemselves.Thesearefriendlyhandsbuttheycannotofferstrongsupport.Thestorytakesplaceonthatthinlinebetweensolidarityandheroism.Solidarityarisesspontaneously,butonlysomearecapableofheroism.Helpforthegirldoesnotalwaysresultfromcompassion;sometimesitisbasedonpastrelationsandpersonalties(aneighbourofthedoctortakesinthefugitiveforafewdaysbecauseofpastfriendship).Rozewiczportraysallofthisinasubtleway;eventhesmallestgesturehassignificance.Take,forexample,theconversationwithastrangeronthetrain:short,asifjotteddownonthemargin,butsofulloftension.Andearlier,apeculiarexaminationofPolishness:the"HolyFather"prayerforcedonMirkabythevillageboystocheckthatsheisnotaJew.Wouldnotrisingtothechallengemeanadeathsentance?
　　Viewedaftermanyyears,"BirthCertificate"disclosesyetanotherqualitythatisnotpresentintheworksofthePolishSchool,butisprominentinlaterB-classwarfilms.Thisisthepictureofeverydaylifeduringthewarandoccupationoutlinedinthethreenovellas.Itharmoniseswiththelogicofspeakingabout"lifeafterlife".SmallheroesofRozewiczsuddenlyentertherealityofwar,withnoexperienceorscalewithwhichtocompareit.Forthem,thepresentisanaturalextensionofandatthesametimeacompletenegationofthepast.Considerthesleeysmall-townmarketplace,throughwhicharmouredcolumnswillshortlypass.OrmeettheGermanmotorcyclists,wholooklikealiensfromouterspace-apicturetakenfromanautopsybecausethisishowStanislawandTadueszperceivedthefirstGermanstheyevermet.Notetheblurredsilhouettesofpeopleagainstawhitewallwhoarebeingshot-atfirsttheyareshocking,butsoontheywillprobablybecomeapartofthegrimlandscape.Inthecitycentrestandsaprisonercamponasoddenbog("Peopleperishlikesflies;thebodiesaretransportedduringthenight");inthestreetthechildernarerunningafteracoalwagontocollectsomepreciouspiecesoffuel.There'sabustlearoundsomefood(aboyreproacheshisyoungerbrother'sactionsbysinging:"Thewarrantofficer'ssonisbegginginfrontofthechurch?I'mgoingtotellmother!");andthekitchen,whichoneeveningbecomestheprosceniumofarealdrama.Andtherearethesymbols:abarofchocolateforceduponaboybyaWehrmachtsoldier("OntheRoad");apairofshoesbelongingtoZbyszek'sfatherwhichtheboyspontaneouslygivestoaRussianfugitive;apricelesssliceofbread,ground undertheheelofapolicemanintheguter("LettersfromtheCamp").Asthedirectorputit:"Ineveryfilm,Icommunicatemyownvisionoftheworldandofthepeople.Onlythenthestylefollows,thedefinedwayofexperiencingthings."InBirthCertificate,headds,hisapproachwasdrivenbythesubject:"Iattemptedtocreatenotonlythetextureofthedocumentbutalsotoaddsomepoeticelement.Iknowitisriskybutasforthemergerofdocumentationandpoety,oftenhiddenverydeep,ifonlyitmanagestomakeitswayontothescreen,itresultsinwhatcanreferredtoas'art'."
　　After1945,therewerenumerousfilmscreatedinEuropethatdealtwithwarandchildren,including"SomewhereinEurope"("ValaholEuropaban",1947byGezaRadvanyi),"Shoeshine"("Sciescia",1946byVittoriodeSica),and"ChildhoodofIvan"("Iwanowodietstwo"byAndriejTarkowski).Yettherewerefewerthanonewouldexpect.Pursuingasubjectsoimbuedwithsentimentalismrequiresstylisticdisiplineandaspecialabilitytomanagechildactors.Theauthorof"BirthCertificate"masteredboth-anditwasnotbychance.StanislawRozewiczwasalwaysthebeneficentspiritofthefilmmilieu;hecouldunitepeoplearoundacommongoal.Heemanatedpeaceandsensitivity,whichflowedtohisco-workersandpupils.Afilm,beingagroupwork,necessitatessomeformofempathy-tuninginwithothers.
　　InabiographicaldocumentaryaboutStanislawRozewiczentitled"Walking,Meeting"(1999byAntoniKrauze),thereisabeautifulscenewhenthedirector,afterafewdecades,meetsBeataBarszczewska,whoplaysMireczkainthenovella"DropsofBlood".Thewomanfallsintothearmsoftheelderlyman.Theyarebothmoved.Hewondershowmanyyearshavepassed.Sheanswers:"Afewyears.Nottoomany."AndRozewicz,withhischaracteristicsmilesays:"Itistrue.Wespentthisentiretimetogether."

　　故事发生在1940年代的香港，妙龄少女方兰（周迅饰）和母亲（叶德娴饰）一起过着相依为命的生活，两人将家中的二楼租住给了作家茅盾（郭涛饰）和其太太孔德沚（蒋雯丽饰）。方兰十分热爱茅盾的文字，在其中感受到了火热的革命热情和澎湃的民族气节，然而对于身边动荡的时局和紧张的政治氛围，方兰却知之甚少。刘锦进（彭于晏饰）是拥有着矫健身手的进步青年，受组织委托，他负责护送滞留在香港的一批重要文人返回大陆，茅盾一家人便在名单之列。在误打误撞之中，方兰被卷入了这一危险的行动之中，并在刘锦进的建议和鼓励之下，加入了革命队伍之中去，母女两人因此被卷入了历史的滚滚洪流之中。

　　一九三七年八月三十一日淞沪会战中，姚子青奉命率部五百余人守卫宝山县城。日军为扩大登陆地域，对宝山进行了海陆空协同的疯狂攻击。在装备落后，地势不利，没有援军的情况下，智勇双全的姚子青带领全营以寡敌众坚守孤城，灵活运用战术战略，从主动出击攻袭敌军到固守阵地顽强抵御，七日内击退了日军一次又一次的进攻，全营五百余人先后战死沙场。九月七日日军破城，姚子青率残部二十余人在城内展开激烈巷战，最终壮烈殉国。

　　故事发生在上世纪七十年代，寄人篱下的少女何小萍（苗苗饰）经过重重试炼终于加入了梦寐以求的文工团，哪知道这里和她曾经待过的那些地方并无不同，她依然得忍受遭人唾弃和欺侮的生活。唯一给过她温暖的，是刘峰（黄轩饰），不仅仅是对何小萍，被称为“活雷锋”的刘峰把自己的爱情和温暖无私的奉献给每一个人。
　　实际上，刘峰一直爱慕着美丽活泼的林丁丁（杨采钰饰），当他选择将这份感情勇敢的表达出来时，却让自己的人生走向了完全不同的方向。战争开始了，刘峰、何小萍和萧穗子前赴后继的走上了前线，在枪弹和炮火之中，每一个人都在用生命和热血绽放着属于他们的芳华。

　　1932年，红军挥师南下去创建川陕革命根据地，给红军当向导的付家林，曾遭受当地恶霸和土匪的欺压，被逼逃离家乡投奔了红军，陕西镇巴县天池寺一带的百姓翻身得解放后，拥护红军，使红军队伍迅速壮大……

　　这是一部纪实性电影，逼真地反映了希特勒人生的最后12天，第三帝国最后的日子。
　　苏联红军已经攻入柏林，希特勒（布鲁诺·甘茨BrunoGanz饰）和情妇爱娃（茱莉安·柯勒JulianeKöhler饰）也躲到了掩体下。爱娃知道自己是来陪希特勒一起共赴黄泉的，但她并不后悔。即使在她向希特勒为妹夫求情遭拒绝后，她也和希特勒一起举办了最后一次的婚礼。
　　希特勒的忠实追随者戈倍尔（乌尔里希·马特斯UlrichMatthes饰）决心全家一起陪着元首殉葬。他共有7个孩子，他和妻子坚决不让自己的孩子们在没有帝国的天空生长，在希特勒和爱娃自杀后也一同自杀。令人不胜感慨。
　　历史的真实通过镜头一幕幕重现。

　　本片故事发生在1944年，是一个有关法国抵抗组织与德国法西斯英勇斗争的故事。1944年，战争的优势已经转移到盟军一边，希特勒为了守住巴黎这最后的屏障，派一名将军去巴黎督战，并搜捕抵抗组织成员……
　　本片拍摄于1966年，由美国、法国合作拍摄，导演是法国著名导演雷内克莱芒。克莱芒用商业片的拍摄手段真实的再现了法国抵抗组织的英雄们与盟军配合，给予德国法西斯与沉重的打击，为盟军顺利的在诺曼底登陆并解放巴黎做出的重要贡献。影片既有庞大的战争场面，又有惊险曲折的情节，更有豪华的欧美顶级明星参加演出的强大阵容，是60年代西方战争片的示范之作！
　　在影片即将结束的时候出现了全片唯一的彩色镜头，这是从空中俯瞰下的巴黎，这是从纳粹铁蹄下解放的巴黎！

　　內容描寫抗日戰爭時期，國民黨空中大隊長高志航以及閻海文、劉粹剛、沈崇海等空軍英雄悲壯犧牲的事蹟。
　　影片攝製經歷三年，耗資數千萬台幣，為了符合據中人物的身份，訂定了上千套空軍飛行服及海軍、陸軍制服。國防部並專款裝修了一艘大軍艦，製定了上百架的螺旋槳飛機，並改裝了幾十架戰鬥機，最為日本九六戰鬥轟炸機。
　　由於劇情延伸海上、陸地和天空，因此由三組攝影機已不同的交通工具載乘拍攝，此片不僅對情節有細膩的鋪陳、對人物的思想情感也有深刻的描繪，並且成功了空事的英雄形象。影片荣获第14届金马奖最佳影片奖、最佳导演奖、最佳编剧奖、最佳彩色摄影奖、最佳剪辑奖、最佳录音奖。

　　乔治·希顿编导的上乘战争片，剧情重点不是一场战役，而是一场布局精妙的心理战。剧情描述美国情报员杰佛逊·匹克在诺曼第登陆战前两天被德军绑架前往德国巴伐利亚。当派克从昏迷中转醒，发现他置身于盟军的一家医院中，而且此时战争已经结束，他还有了一个妻子叫安娜。精神病医生华特·格伯要跟匹克讨论他的失忆症，其实是想从他口中套出诺曼第登陆的军事情报。在关键时刻，匹克发现了这原来是一场骗局，乃跟德军玩猫捉老鼠的斗智游戏，最后更在格伯协助下逃回盟军阵地。悬疑性浓厚的情节始终掌控着观众的好奇心，三位主角詹姆斯·加纳、爱娃·玛丽·森特、罗德·泰勒也都表现出色，可惜压轴的逃亡动作戏拍得比较一般。